Blake :: essays research papers

In Blake's "London" the speaker associates different characters and socio/political establishments so as to investigate the treacheries executed in England. The occupied, business city of London works as a space in which the speaker can envision the unpreventable interconnections of English establishment and residents. Albeit isolated by contrasts of class and sexual orientation, the residents of London look over against one another with the goal that the hopelessness of poor people and seized is an immediate prosecution of the hardness of the rich and ground-breaking, f the foundations of state and religion.      The speaker of the sonnet underscores the social and financial contrasts that different the residents of London. By rehashing the word "charter'd", he helps the peruser to remember the business idea of the city, the way that bits of it are claimed, and that not every person has equivalent access to merchandise or property. In the primary line of his sonnet as Blake talks about how he is meandering through the "charter'd" roads, he is remarking on this business part of London. As he proceeds onward in his sonnet he additionally alludes to the "charter'd" Thames, he is letting us know in this second line even a stream which is a power of nature, is possessed in London. At the point when Blake says that he sees "marks of shortcoming, characteristics of woe" in "every face" he meets, he implies that he can perceive how this corporate greed is influen cing everybody rich and poor.      Yet, regardless of the divisions that the word charter'd proposes, the speaker battles that nobody in London, neither rich or poor, gets away from an unavoidable feeling of wretchedness and capture. The speaker discusses how in "every cry of each man" he hears the hopelessness. Blake is by and by advising us this is influencing everybody. As he proceeds to remark on he can hear it in "every newborn children cry of fear", he is stating that even the infants comprehend what will transpire when they grow up and they dread the hopelessness that they will before long face. In the following line of the sonnet Blake decides to utilize an intriguing word. At the point when he composes "in each ban" he leaves the line open to a wide range of understandings. The word boycott can mean a political forbiddance, a revile, or a declaration of marriage. The political importance is an undeniable one in this sonnet, Blake clearly doesn't care for the governmental issues of London and he fells that the corporate greed is keeping the individuals from being glad.

A Method To Memory :: essays research papers

A Method to Memory      The other night I was sitting at home in my room watching the Rockets game, and my telephone starts to ring. I answer "Hello", and I hear this distraught voice that I perceive as my companion Mandy's. Mandy is an anxious wreck, she has a major bio-chem test toward the beginning of the day and can't recollect a thing. I inquire her what sort of data she has, and she discloses to me she has notes and her book. Presently being the pleasant person I am, and having quite recently finished finding out about memory in my Intro to Psych class, I killed the T.V. what's more, revealed to her I'd help her figure out how to remember things.      The first thing I enlightened her concerning was a strategy called practice. I clarified that practice included rehashing the data on numerous occasions to shield it from blurring from her transient memory, or STM. She was somewhat befuddled so I rearranged it for her. I helped her to remember an evening or two ago when she was searching for the number to Pizza Hut in the telephone directory, and when she discovered it she begun rehashing once and over until she answered telephone and could dial it. She was astonished that she was doing this from the beginning and didn't have any acquaintance with it. I at that point clarified another momentary memory strategy known as piecing. She winced what's more, thought I was discussing the barrel party a few evenings ago, however I clarified that lumping includes taking a huge number or word and separating it into littler pieces that could be recalled simpler. I likewise revealed to her that she could piece together the principal letters of an expression to make it progressively open to her memory recovery framework. I gave her the case of the New York Stock Exchange, or on the other hand N.Y.S.E. That helped her a great deal, yet she was concerned whether she would recall it just for the last, so I disclosed to her the all the more practicing she did, the more profound she would submit the data to memory.

Blog Archive Harvard Business School Eliminates Round 3 MBA Applications

Blog Archive Harvard Business School Eliminates Round 3 MBA Applications As spring blooms, preparation for the 2018â€"2019 MBA admissions season kicks into full gear. And although Harvard Business School (HBS) will not begin accepting applications until early June, the school has released its deadlines for the upcoming seasonâ€"this year, however, with a twist. The third and final round of applications that HBS has typically accepted in the spring has been eliminated altogether for those seeking regular MBA admission. Therefore, applicants hoping to gain admission into the Class of 2021 will now have to apply in either Round 1, which has a deadline of September 5, 2018, or in Round 2, which ends on January 4, 2019. Current college seniors interested in the 2+2 program, however, can still apply in the spring. HBS Managing Director of Admissions and Financial Aid Chad Losee explained the decision in a post on the school’s admissions blog, noting that by avoiding Round 3, admitted students will now have a smoother transition into the program. “Getting a decision earlier will give admitted students better access to on-campus housing, more cohort options for HBX CORe, and more time for visa processing,” Losee wrote. “For students admitted in Round 3 in the past, the timing has always been tight. We know it takes a lot to finish up a job and move to a new city (!) and we hope the additional time will be helpful to admits on a number of fronts.” So, if you have your eye on a spot in the HBS Class of 2021, be sure to take note of the changeâ€"and put your best foot forward just a bit sooner! Share ThisTweet Harvard University (Harvard Business School) News

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Essay Analysis of Chapter 5 of Frankenstein - 2339 Words

There was a time in history when people used science as an everyday issue; there was a time when it was almost legitimate to provide a practical explanation, and when people preferred to ignore the subliming side of nature; people called this time in history the Age of Enlightenment (otherwise known as, the Neoclassical Period). This generation was based on the growth of scientific scrutinizations overwhelming people minds and (in a way) erasing the traditional teachings. It was particularly well-educated individuals who relied upon logic to explain the world and its resources, enabling greater evidence and certitude, which, in return, allowed matters to be more convincing. To support this philosophical movement was the Industrial†¦show more content†¦Even though it is mysterious and cannot be fathomed, just like Romanticism, the mystery in Gothic Literature is horrific, while in Romanticism it is beautiful. Gothic fiction relates to prudishness (especially in the Victorian era) as it focuses on taboo subjects, such as: sex, vice, and murder. Therefore, it is, to great extent, going beyond peoples emotional limitations. To add to that, the typical feature of Gothic Literature would be expressing nature in the threat of monsters, ghosts, or in other words, supernatural forces conflicting with humanity. On the whole, a great representation of these gothic and romantic influences would be the novel Frankenstein (or The Modern Prometheus) by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, which was published in 1818 and written during the Romantic Period. Born on the 30th of August 1797, Mary Shelley’s Mother died 11 days after birth. At 16 years of age Shelley was married to Percy Bysshe Shelley, a romantic poet, who was a follower of Mary’s philosophical father. In the summer of 1816, Mary and Percy visited the poet, Lord Byron, in Lake Geneva, Switzerland, where the idea of Frankenstein was conceived. During her stay at Byron’s villa, Shelley and other house guests was challenged by the poet to write a horror story, after reading oneShow MoreRelated Analysis of Volume 1 Chapter 5 of Frankenstein by Mary Shelley735 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Volume 1 Chapter 5 of Frankenstein by Mary Shelley This passage is set at a point in the story where Dr. Victor Frankenstein is creating and making his first descriptions of the monster. Frankenstein at this time has been driven to work more and more to complete his aim, making him seem madly obsessed with his work. During this passage, the Dr. and the monster are constantly described in the same ways, â€Å"how delineate the wretch†: the monster â€Å"I passed the night wretchedly†:Read MoreChapter Summary And Analysis Of Frankenstein 808 Words   |  4 PagesFrankenstein Journal and Chapter by Chapter Summary and Analysis Sam Thompson Letters I-IV Captain Robert Walton is on a ship bound for the North Pole, and describes to his sister back in England the progress of his mission. Soon, the ship becomes trapped in impassable ice. Walton encounters Victor Frankenstein, who has been traveling via dog sled across the ice. Walton takes the sick Frankenstein aboard, and thus Victor begins the story of the monster he created. Walton tells us through theRead MoreFrankenstein as a Gothic Novel Essay1332 Words   |  6 PagesTragic wanderers, ominous atmosphere, symbolism, and themes: these are elements of a Gothic novel. Though Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, written in the early 19th century, certainly contains many components of a Gothic novel, can it be correctly grouped under that genre? A definition of a Gothic novel; according to Tracy, is a description of a fallen world. We experience this fallen world though the aspects of a novel: plot, setting, characterization, and theme (De Vore, Domenic, Kwan and Reidy)Read MoreFrankenstein Major Works Data Sheet Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Title of Work: Frankenstein Author: Mary Shelley Date of Publication: January 1, 1818 Genre: Gothic Biographical information about the author: Born as Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin to William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft on August 30, 1789, Mary was the only child of her father and mother. Hardly more than a week after having Mary, Wollstonecraft died, leaving William to raise Mary and her half-sister, Fanny, whom William chose to adopt. When Mary was four, her father remarried but resentmentRead MoreMary Shelley and Flannery OConnor: Gothic Isolationists1724 Words   |  7 Pagesits success during this time period, gothic fiction ceased to be a dominant genre by the Victorian Era. However, in many ways it had now begun to enter into its most ingenious phase. This paper will analyze the influence of Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein on Flannery O’Connor’s work, specifically her novel Wise Blood. Flannery O’Connor emerged as a crucial and contemporary innovator of southern gothic literature. Southern gothic literature is defined as a subgenre of gothic fiction, which originatedRead More Frankenstein as a gothic novel Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesFrankenstein as a gothic novel The gothic tradition highlights the grotesque, relies on mysterious and remote settings, and is intended to evoke fear. All of these are evident in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, especially in chapter five. The settings in the novel are striking and distinctively gothic. Appropriately, the creature first breathes on a dreary night of November, in a remote laboratory at Ingolstadt. The eerie atmosphere is typical of the gothic tradition. Victor, unafraidRead MoreFrankenstein Novel Analysis Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesMyrjun Angeles Ms. Ammendolia EWC4UI 10/13/17 Frankenstein Novel Analysis Frankenstein is partly an epistolary novel. In what way do the letters at the beginning of the text help frame the story that follows? The series of letters at the beginning of Frankenstein by Mary Shelley are from Robert Walton, and were sent to his sister, Margaret Saville. In each letter, Walton tells his sister of updates while he’s on one of many sea trips and to coincide with that, readers of the novel get a glimpseRead MoreFrankenstein Study Guide14107 Words   |  57 PagesTHE GLENCOE LITERATURE LIBRARY Study Guide for Frankenstein by Mary Shelley i To the Teachern The Glencoe Literature Library presents full-length novels and plays bound together with shorter selections of various genres that relate by theme or topic to the main reading. Each work in the Library has a two-part Study Guide that contains a variety of resources for both you and your students. Use the Guide to plan your instruction of the work and enrich your classroom presentations. InRead MoreThe Dangerous Pursuit Of Knowledge1617 Words   |  7 Pagesworth it? In today’s generation, there is constantly new inventions of technology and theories of science. But maybe knowledge is starting to ruin people’s life and it shouldn’t be sought after. Very similar in the novel Frankenstein, written by Mary Shelley, Victor Frankenstein deals with the deadly pursuit of knowledge. He is constantly intrigued into learning something new and in this novel, Victor’s character changes from being an innocent young adult who’s bewildered by science into a remors efulRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein2805 Words   |  12 PagesPlot Overview The story of Frankenstein, written by Mary Shelley,starts off with Robert Walton, one of the main characters in the book, on his mission to explore the North Pole. Walton is the captain of a ship heading to the North Pole. He writes to his sister who lives in England the dangers of the mission. Suddenly the mission is interrupted by impervious ice. While trapped in the ice Walton and his crew spot a strange figure in a dog-drawn-sledge. The following day they encounter another figure

Behaviorism and the Never-Ending Need for Discipline Essays

Behaviorism and the Never-Ending Need for Discipline Webster’s dictionary defines education as â€Å"the act or process of training by a prescribed or customary course or study of discipline.† I, however, see it as much more. Education, in my perspective, is the greatest gift a human can receive. I want to be one of the many caring individuals that can give this priceless gift- I want to be a teacher. There are many current trends and philosophies when dealing with education. Behaviorism, the philosophy of education in which I regard, will be incorporated into my classroom in some form or fashion. Education today has taken a turn for the worse when analyzing behavior. I know, from personal experience, that the behavior of†¦show more content†¦Now that I have learned in class about the many education laws such as Public Law 94-142 and IDEA, I do not see how it was possible for these special children to function before the laws. When I was in school I knew that the children received special care but I had no idea how much actually goes on â€Å"behind the scenes† until I came to Concord. I know that learning about the laws will be beneficial as I pursue my ultimate goal to teach. Looking back on my school years, I think about all the teachers that I have had. I then ponder on the many classmates that I shared so many wonderful times with. One of the main problems that I can remember about school is the ones concerning behavior. I can recall every teacher having to deal with some type of behavioral problem at some point during the duration of the school year. It is apparent that these types of problems will be something that I will have to deal with as an upcoming teacher. This is where behaviorism comes into play. If I can incorporate this into my classroom then I will be able to be a better educator. A couple of the characteristics of behaviorism that makes me think that it is the most influential philosophy of education is the emphasis placed on classroom management and the teaching methods involved. After graduating, I will be licensed to teach grades K-12 physical education and grades 5-9 mathematics. Both ofShow MoreRelatedPsychology Workbook Essay22836 Words   |  92 Pagesof psychology? | | |1.27 What kinds of variables interest psychologists who take a sociocultural approach? | | Key Terms . Behaviorism-   a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. Behaviorists believe that our responses to environmental stimuli shape our behaviors.Read MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesgà ©nà ©rale prefers significans/significatum. My justification for introducing yet another variation is that significate, with the exact meaning of that which is signified, already exists in English (see the OED), and it possesses the advantage that its ending emphasizes its inherent difference from the other term of the dichotomy, signifier. A NOTE ON TERMINOLOGY xv tinet prefers to call it, lexeme) work and the grammatical moneme -ing (Chapter I, Section 9). Commutation, a concept the author

Budgetary Slack As A Management Control Mechanism Accounting Essay Example For Students

Budgetary Slack As A Management Control Mechanism Accounting Essay Outline1 Introduction2 The Concept of Budgetary Slack3 Creation of Slackss: Influencing Factors4 Management Control System and Budgetary Slack5 Role of Budget Slacks Affecting on Managers Behavior6 Controling Budgetary Slack7 Decision Introduction Budgeting control system is one of the popular mechanisms in the direction control systems that have undergone important displacements of accent in both literature and patterns. Budget slack intending a calculated underestimate of grosss and overestimate of costs than of existent budget is one of the facets of budgetary control in the research of modern-day accounting direction literature. The conventional wisdom on budgetary slack underlies a negative image of slack creative activity by the directors to allow organisational resources available after optimum use of the so called accomplishable budget marks. Alternate voice is that budgetary slack is frequently honoring for the directors and besides for the organisation, functioning as motive for efficient use of resources and run intoing the marks of the organisation. However, the relationship between budgetary slack and direction control mechanism underlies budgetary slack as the result of either tight budgeting or deficiency of bud getary supervising. In add-on to that, budgetary slack are besides used as direction control mechanism. Against this background, the aim of the paper is to reexamine the bing image and patterns of budgetary slack as a mechanism of direction control and the function of budgetary slack that impact on the behaviour of directors. For that end the paper in the beginning inside informations out the conceptual strategy of budgetary slack and the factors and schemes to make budgetary slack. It reviews the linkages between direction control mechanism and budgetary slack in the following subdivision. Then, the paper significantly deals with the function of budgetary slack on the behavioural form of the directors. Finally the paper ended with discoursing some ways to heighten he positive operation of budgetary slack to command unethical patterns and increase answerability and transparence of the direction. The Concept of Budgetary Slack Budgetary slack in its simplest signifier, as in the vocabulary of progress accounting, is defined as the difference between an existent budget figure and an easy gettable budget figure. When a director controls budget resources more than optimum to carry through his or her aims, so the director creates a status of budget slack ( Kren, 2003 ) . For case, budget shirking may take the signifier of underestimated public presentation capablenesss, unostentatious grosss or overstated disbursals over a jutting period of clip. The official nomenclature of CIMA considers that slack in the budgeting procedure occurs if there is an knowing underestimate of grosss or overestimate of disbursals by the directors ( Jia, 2007 ) . Payes ( 1989 ) emphasizes on the issue of public presentation in specifying budget slack. Harmonizing to his position, the difference between a division s expected public presentation capableness and a participatively-set public presentation criterion or mark creates budge tary slack. Budget slack is the difference between the resources allocated or available to a division and those resources needed to accomplish a budget-set or end product mark. Becker and Green ( 1962 ) and Schiif and Lewin ( 1970 ) advocated that for slack to happen participative budgeting is a necessary status. Budget slack should be distinguished from two related constructs in the accounting direction literature: organizational slack , and budget attainability . Organizational slack which serves as a positive map by absorbing fluctuations in an unsure environment refers to the precaution measures taken by the governments to cut down the harmful effects of unsure conditions on which the houses function ( Cyert and March, 1963 ) . Quite likewise, budget attainability reduces the hazard of dysfunctional subsidiary behaviour by increasing predictability of net incomes, and cut downing clip spent on control of net income centre operations ( Merchant and Manzoni, 1989 ) . The differences between budget slack and these two constructs is that budget slack is concealed from higher-ups and exceeds allowable degrees. Other positions on the definition of budget slack are largely concerned with directors attempt to take a more easy come-at-able budget criterion against which subordinates public pr esentations will be evaluated ( Jawarski and Young, 1989 ) , or with directors desire to make protection from uncertainnesss by absorbing fluctuations ( Cyert and March, 1963 ) . Creation of Slackss: Influencing Factors The creative activity of budget slack is a complicated procedure that involves managerial agents prosecuting diverse motivations and creates many opposing effects. Slack normally is the consequence of the self-interested behaviour of unit directors, but can be created by anyone who prepares the budget ( Onsi, 1973 ) . Schiff A ; Lewin ( 1970 ) think that in add-on to engagement, shirker should hold information advantage. When the top direction placed heavy force per unit area upon lower degree directors who prepare budget, they create slack to do the budget expression accomplishable so that they can avoid the load of failure. Less supervising from the top direction on the budget devising procedure give lower degree directors leverage to be after budget shirking. Bitner ( 2005 ) found that the larger the entity the more likely budgetary slack will be, since a larger entity faces the trouble in affecting everyone in the budgetary procedure. Budget slacks are created to intentionally l ower marks than the best conjecture prognosis about the hereafter either by exaggerating cost prognosiss or understating gross prognosiss. This is most known type of slack occurs in many organisations in both early and modern-day patterns of slacking. More recent pattern of slack occurs when scarce resources are allocated to managerial units based on negotiated ends, since directors can warrant their claim to more resources if negotiate accomplishable and optimistic marks. Kren ( 2003 ) provided a comprehensive appraisal on the factors that influence the creative activity of budgetary slack. He identified an ex-ante every bit good as an ex-post procedure by which budget slack. In the ex-ante procedure, he linked budget engagement and environmental uncertainness to directors leaning to make slack. On the other manus in the ex-post procedure, if organisation s control system fails to supply an effectual appraisal of the director s public presentation capableness, slack will be created. From the findings of accounting direction researches, the major factors act uponing the creative activity of budget slack are the self involvement motivations of the lower degree directors, information dissymmetry between top degree direction and unit directors, uncertainness and capriciousness of the status under which houses function, participative method of budgeting leting vacuity of monitoring and control, inappropriate usage of public presentation steps and so on. The first thing that influences the creative activity of budgetary slack is the control job which arises with directors utilizing their private information to do determination conforming with self-interest alternatively of the bigger marks of the organisation. Directors want to look successful in footings of budgetary public presentation by making a lower public presentation benchmark relative to their existent capablenesss to have favourable rating and repute in the top direction. The 2nd of import factor is the information dissymmetry that forms a favourable status for slack creative activity. Information dissymmetry occurs with Directors geting more private information because they are closer to the determination environment than their higher-ups ( Kren, 2003 ) . Preventing the revelation of all the information to the top direction, Managers present a deformed image of concern possibilities to their higher-ups and make budget slack ( Langevin, 2010 ) . A 3rd factor in the creative activity of budget slack is the uncertainness caused by some inauspicious discrepancies necessarily linked with properly set budget ( Jia, 2011 ) . Directors want to utilize such slack as a shock absorber for unmanageable or unpredictable events like machine malfunctions or dislocations, worker abrasion etc likely to be occurred in hereafter. Young ( 1985 ) and Kren and Liao ( 1988 ) all found the degree of uncertainnesss impacting results in the organisation influence the extent to which engagement can impact the leaning to make slack. A primary driver for the being of budgetary slack, as direction accounting position claims, is uncertainness ( Marginson and Ogden, 2005 ) . Atomic Bomb 3 EssayBeneficial Prospect of Budget Slacking: Directors attitude to the budget shirking as something good either for their ain involvement or professionally for the betterment of the organisational end product ratio is another issue of budget slack s function impacting managerial behaviour. Directors in many instances perceive to do their public presentation expression better to their higher-ups when a low ambitious budget mark is met. This attitude increases a supportive function of slack in heightening directors acceptableness to the top degree direction. Since budget slack protects concern unit directors against unanticipated eventualities help to bask a favourable rating by run intoing the marks and prevent intercessions by upper direction, ( Stede, 2000 ) troughs try to make slack. But the beneficiary mentality of slack does non work to impact directors all the clip. Many of the unit directors are enlightened otherwise by accepting the fact that loose budgets ca n take to lower house returns from suboptimal resource allotment determinations, because they hinder full revelation of private information and coordination of concern unit activities ( Onsi, 1973 ) . Mangers in these instances are act from organisational position and avoid making slacks. Organization s Control System and Managers under Compulsion: Most of the researches focused on the troughs involvement in making slack. But in many instances, it is the organisation s control system that compels unit directors to make slack by coercing them to misreport existent budget. Young ( 1985 ) found that organisation s control system can easy bring out slack and let unit directors to describe with slack in budget. Sometimes this serves as a win-win instance between top direction and the directors, impacting directors behaviour favourable to slack creative activity. The issue of monitoring is besides relevant here. If top direction eases up the monitoring control, it structurally gives directors signals and besides scopes to make slack. In many instances, a fraction of the top direction can be involved in maximising sub group involvement and cut down a just distribution of the results among all the stockholders. Many bureau theory-based experiments found that when directors are given chance, director s inclination to make slack additions more ( Waller and Bishop, 1990 ) . Contractual Agreements and Conflicting Aims: Creation of budgetary slack is non a incorporate thing. In the class of making slack and recognizing self-interest behaviour led to conflicting aims among the group involved in the shirking procedure. Since the organisation in general and budgetary control in peculiar are signifiers of contractual agreements and there exist an bureau relationship between governments and their subsidiaries based on some rules, agents will non ever move in the best involvement of the principal. Realization of opportunism by the subsidiaries, hence, is non in the involvement of the governments. Creation of slack affects the contractual rules and thereby contractual relationships and creates division based on misgiving among each other ( Jensen and Meckling, 1976 ) . Fairness and Business Ethics in Managers Behavior: Slack affects the equity and managerial moralss of the directors. Directors are prone to expropriate resources unnecessarily by describing venally during the budgeting procedure. It is non in the best involvements of the overall organisation, that directors misappropriate resources and still acquire the wages from the top degree. This reduces the degree of honorable behaviours among the employees both coverage and non-reporting. To explicate such behaviours, research workers used Moral Disengagement Theory that refers to a scene where directors can withdraw moral duty from their action by self-justifying the action so as to do it compatible with moral criterions ( Bandura, 2002 ) . This involves a status that if there is a shared group involvement in making budget shirking, directors feel more legitimate excuse and venally provides more for misreporting. Here comes the issue of distributory moralss of directors in the post-slack p eriod. If the benefit of slack is shared, other employees consciousness of the misreporting does non impact directors behaviour when because the misreporting can be self-justified by shared involvement. On the other manus, if the benefit of slack is non shared such consciousness additions describing honestness of the directors. Controling Budgetary Slack Inventing ways to command budgetary slack is an of import research aim of direction accounting researches. In the modern-day patterns, more accent is given on the steps how to observe such dysfunctional behaviour and kerb its presence in the budgetary control mechanism. One issue supported by empirical surveies is budgetary feedback and budgetary engagement as a mechanism to cut down budgetary slack ( Lu, 2007 ) . Distributive equity and end committedness in the budgetary engagement besides cut down the leaning to make budgetary slack. Accounting civilization with accrual accounting will give directors less scope to prosecute dysfunctional behaviours ( Bradshaw, 2007 ) . Besides, the controlling of slack depends on the ability to put accurate budget marks and to mensurate public presentation exactly ( Stede, 2000 ) Repute of the higher-ups works as the informal control over the directors leaning to make slack. Abdul-Rahman and Hailes ( 2000 ) supported that repute is used to act upo n concerted behaviors with agents and increase subsidiaries behavior to collaborate with them. Creation of alternate wages construction is besides necessary to fulfill the best performing artists. The acceptance of truth based rating system can besides be helpful to actuate directors to follow with the bigger aims of the organisation. Decision Budget slack involves underestimated public presentation capablenesss, unostentatious grosss or overstated disbursals over a jutting period of clip. The established position on the budget slack ensuing from budgetary controlling is that slack is the result of tight budgetary control. In the unsure environment, directors frequently plan for accomplishable criterions, since it frequently brings about wagess both monetary and non-pecuniary for the subsidiaries. The creative activity of budget slack is a complicated procedure that involves managerial agents prosecuting diverse motivation and creates many opposing effects. Directors attitude to the budget shirking is something good either for their ain involvement or professionally for the betterment of the organisational end product ratio. This attitude increases a supportive function of slack in heightening directors acceptableness to the top degree direction. But the beneficiary mentality of slack does non work to impact directors al l the clip. Many of the unit directors are enlightened otherwise by accepting the fact that loose budgets can take to lower house returns from suboptimal resource allotment determinations, because they hinder full revelation of private information and coordination of concern unit activities ( Onsi, 1973 ) . Mangers in these instances are act from organisational position and avoid making slacks. However, inventing ways to command budgetary slack is an of import research aim of accounting direction researches. In the modern-day patterns, more accent is given on the steps how to observe such dysfunctional behaviour and kerb its presence in the budgetary control mechanism.

Americas Growing Pains1 essays

Americas Growing Pains1 essays Americas first two presidents, George Washington and John Adams, both resolutely adhered to the idea that America should endeavor to stay out of war at all times, and did everything in their power to evade declaring and entering into war. Throughout their reigns, war was ubiquitous in Europe, and many countries (especially Britain and France) made numerous attempts to obtain and secure Americas support. Washington and Adams both believed that America should not side with any foreign country during times of war making the fundamental purport of Americas first foreign policy the elusion of war at all costs. This policy was manifested throughout Washington and Adams involvement in, and reactions to the following affairs: the Citizen Genet controversy, the One of Washingtons initial attempts to pursue this policy was his counteraction to the Genet Affair. In 1793, George Washington proclaimed neutrality, thus declaring America an uninvolved, nonpartisan country in times of war. Simultaneously, Edmond Charles Genet was sent to the United States as a special representative from France to implore support in the French Revolution. Genet had previously resolved that the proclamation of neutrality was a harmless little pleasantry designed to throw dust in the eyes of the British. Commencing in Charleston, South Carolina, Genet traveled throughout the United States presenting his credentials. In addition to his quest for support, he began to license American vessels to operate as privateers against British shipping and to grant French military commissions to a number of Americans in order to prepare expeditions against Spanish and British territorial claims in North America. These two actions were in direct defilement of American law. Washington demanded that he cease his unlawful actions, but Genet continued to commission privateers because he enti...

Inferring Freedom And Equality Essays - Libertarian Theory

Inferring Freedom And Equality Essays - Libertarian Theory Inferring Freedom and Equality Many of Earth?s organisms and processes depend on each other to survive the natural world. First of all, freedom, or "forced to be free," and equality presuppose each other in some instances, but sometimes they are interdependent. For example, if you look into the lower class, people within that class are equal among others in that class. Also, they have freedom inside the boundaries of their status quo. As the view broadens to the whole society, that certain class loses some of its freedom and equality to the aristocracy. In this example, the amount of freedom and equality you receive all depends on money and power. Wealth corrupts the balance of freedom and equality between the social classes in the nation. In all, everyone in a legitimate society has some equality and freedom, however, the how much you get relies on where you stand in the social triangle. In every valid government, every citizen has freedom of their basic rights, but the sense of equality will never be distributed equally between them. This problem is constantly going to true because of the definition of general will: an individual has to alienate some of his natural rights to join the body politic. Therefore, power is distributed to the government, and the people of the nation are not equal. One person will always have power over another. If everyone was equal, chaos would break out into the world, because when nobody governs or rules the citizens, they can do whatever they please. Freedom is preferred in the society rather than equality. A person with freedom would have most rights in the Constitution, but a person with equality would live in a chaotic society, because there is no governing house. Altogether, the presence of freedom and equality together differs with the scope of the condition. America?s concepts of freedom and equality have varied over the course of its history. When the American government was new, only white male property owners had total use of the Constitution?s given rights. Early America also exercised the idea of slavery, where the master and slave relationship exist. But as an intolerance against slavery grew, the masters were forced by the Union to change their illegitimate system to a more legitimate system. This newly built system resulted in all males, property owner or not, having privileges to all rights in the Bill of Rights and the American Constitution. But this method still leaves out a single group of people, women, from the concept of freedom. Also in America, the "separate but equal" issue rose to the surface of controversy over the topic of freedom. All these examples demonstrate where freedom is non-existent to all people in the nation. They also display the same idea of freedom within the private will, but that freedo! m is surrendered to the general will to support a legitimate government. In some cases in the American history, some citizens abandon more rights than others. But as the view travels closer to the present, the difference of the people?s rights between each other gradually diminishes to a negligible amount. This perception of America?s freedom shows an increase of knowledge towards a near-perfect republic. Today, government partially employs the use of total equality. But again, a legitimate government cannot have total equality because of the alienation of certain rights to join the body politic. American government follows the outline of a legitimate government. The checks and balances system balances the amount of power among the three governing houses. Also, the government does not employ a parallel existence of freedom and equality. But that existence is impossible in any legitimate society, according to the description of the body politic and the general will. The individual mind has matured a long way toward this form of structured government, but the basic concept of the government is the natural laws of a human being. Although, man has evolved into a being of great reason, distant from the state of nature, he must look into nature to find a correct and sanctioned regulations and theories.

The community paramedic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The community paramedic - Essay Example Better known as â€Å"the flu,† influenza is a viral respiratory disease of the upper respiratory system (Lowen, Mubareka, Steel & Palese, 2007). If unchecked, it may develop into pneumonia or other serious conditions, especially in the case of pregnant women, younger children, older adults, and people suffering health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and asthma, which compromise the immune system. It is seasonal, running from fall to spring and reaching its peak during winter. Influenza A, B, and C viruses cause the seasonal flu, which has virus strains that mutate every year. This necessitates development of a new flu vaccine every year. The symptoms for the seasonal flu include moderate-to-high fever; dry and hacking cough; shaking chills; sore throat; headache; severe body and muscle aches; profound fatigue; and runny/stuffy nose. The common cold is named as such because it infects far more people than the seasonal flu (Singh & Das, 2011). The common cold, however, does not result in respiratory conditions, and its mild symptoms may take up to two weeks to subside. It can result from more than 100 varying viruses. Among the most common of these viruses is the highly contagious rhinovirus that causes sneezing and sniffling. Other viruses include respiratory syncytial viruses and coronaviruses. A majority of common colds occur in low humidity areas, especially during winter and fall months. The symptoms of the common cold include sore throat, stuffy/running nose, mild-to-moderate fever, sneezing, headache or body aches, cough, and mild fatigue. Community paramedics have an overall role of ensuring continual improvement of the healthcare system in a community. They assist in monitoring of influenza vaccination programs through assessment, whereby they ensure regular collection, collation, analysis and distribution of information on influenza vaccination programs

Women suffrage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Women suffrage - Essay Example In the capacity of the mainstream organization of the movement, NAWSA helped women obtain voting rights by waging state-by-state campaigns. Women that played a pivotal role in the women’s suffrage movement included but were not limited to Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony. Under their leadership, the suffragists lobbied Congress to make amendment to the constitution so that women could be enfranchised. Susan B. Anthony wrote the federal woman suffrage amendment. Congress introduced the federal woman suffrage amendment in 1878. In 1919, the Senate and the House of Representatives passed the federal woman suffrage amendment, which was then forwarded for ratification to the states. As a result of the women’s suffrage movement, â€Å"Nineteenth Amendment gives women the vote† in 1920 (Henretta, 2009). In the same year, the Womens Bureau of the Department of Labor was established for the safeguard of working

Self-Esteem Self-Concept Essay Example for Free

Self-Esteem Self-Concept Essay Two psychological terms that are very commonly used interchangeably are self-concept and self-esteem, but in fact, there is a difference between the meanings of the terms. A persons self-concept is his knowledge about himself. Similar to how he can know other people, and known facts about how they tend to think, and what they enjoy doing, and what their temperament is like, he can also know these things about himself. Some people have much stronger self-concepts than others, probably because possessing a self-concept in much detail requires reflection on ones own self and behavior. Self-esteem, rather than being something that you know about yourself, is your general attitude toward yourself. It is mostly measured on a scale from positive to negative, and your self-esteem is typically based on whether you think you are successful, a good person, smart, and so on. It can vary depending on the situation and what has been going on lately, and any feedback you have gotten recently from your environment and people around you. The key difference between self-concept and self-esteem is that the addition of feelings. Self-concept is simply the informational side of things, where you know facts about what you are like. Self-esteem is how you feel about those things you know, like whether you enjoy the fact that you are talkative at parties (high self-esteem) or you think that you are annoying and need to learn to shut up sometimes (low self-esteem). There are a variety of self-esteem effects that can come from the self-concept. Self-concept and self-esteem also have a lot in common though, mostly that they are reflective processes. They can be influenced not only by observing ones own self and behavior objectively, but also by observing the reactions that other people have to you and your behavior, or imagining what other people might think of you, or what you would think of yourself if you saw yourself from outside. In addition, self-concept and self-esteem can be developed through comparing oneself to those around you, and that is a big reason that self-esteem is raised or lowered. When you see that you are better at something than somebody else, then you will probably have higher self-esteem because you see and understand your own value. What Can Hurt Self-Concept and Self-Esteem? Of course, having people inaccurately say bad things about you and your character, or make comparisons between you and people who are better than you at objective measures can both hurt self-esteem. Perhaps more interestingly, receiving rewards for doing actions  can actually change your self-concept. If there is something that you enjoy doing as a hobby, and then you get a full-time job doing that activity, you are likely to not enjoy it as a hobby as much or see it as an integral part of yourself, but rather you will view yourself as somebody who does that professionally, but not for fun.

Behind The Lines: Spies In The Civil War :: essays research papers fc

Behind the Lines: Spies in the Civil War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Civil War was the bloodiest, most devestating war that has ever been fought on American soil. It began on April 12, 1861, at 4:30 in the morning. The main reason that the war was fought was because Southern states believed that they should have the right to use African-Americans as slaves, and the Northern States opposed that belief.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Millions of American men and women fought against each other in this war, and more than half a million died. Yes, that is a fact. The men were usually soldiers. Women tended to be nurses, aides, or doctors, although some of them posed as men in order to be able to fight in the war. Some of these men and women, though, were spies. Instead of fighting with guns and ammunition, these people fought through secrets and sabotage. These tactics turned out to be essential. Battle could be won or lost depending on information aquired from spies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Back then, spying was hardly the same as it is today, with all of our high-tech gadgets and well-organised secret agent groups. However, most of the things that spies do today were done in the nineteenth century just as effectively. On thing that spies did was send messages, which were usually about the enemy's plans and movements, their troop size, their supplies, and the placement or strength of their forts. Many used coded messages with words that stood for different words. Some had different symbols for letters and numbers. Some spies even used inivisible ink. The spies also had ways of concealing the messages that they had to deliver. Messages were often hidden in articles of clothing. People had to write on silk, that was then sewn into clothing, and spies could also hide information in large metal buttons. Women's clothing was ideal for hiding things in. Sometimes, they would even hide people under their hoop skirts!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two other things that spies did often were interceptin gmilitary dispatches and sending supplies. Supplies were often hidden in the same places that messages were hidden. It was also common practice for Confederate spies to hide morphine in the heads of dolls to smuggle it in from the North, as morphine was a painkiller that was desperately needed in Confederate hospitals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If a spy was caught, they were usually treated just like common criminals. The penalty for being a spy was most often death by a public hanging, although many spies begged to be shot to death, which was considered to be a more honorable way to go.

Identification of an Organic Unknown Essay

Introduction I am supplied with an unknown organic compound containing one of the following functional groups: * Alcohol * Aldehyde * Ketone * Carboxylic Acid * Ester * Phenol Organic compounds have different functional groups and therefore differ from each other. They also react differently, I will use this method to determine the type of organic compound I have. I will conduct various experiments to narrow down the choices. I will the using the information I have gathered construct an, easy to follow, flow diagram. Prediction While conducting these experiments, I will produce solutions, which I may need for the next step of the flow diagram. By observing physical changes to the reactants and recording any substance given off by the product, I will be able to follow my flow diagram and therefore determine the unknown compound. For example, if hydrogen gas is released, and the flow diagram gives a choice of hydrogen given off, and no hydrogen given off. I will down the appropriate route and dismiss the other route. Plan To find the organic the unknown, I will need to find the functional group and I will find this by how they react. I will now describe the experiments that I will conduct, the safety precautions and any other information. Firstly, I will need to figure out how to separate the unknown into 2 different groups. This is done by adding Sodium (Na) to the compound in a test-tube. The Na will sink and a steady stream of hydrogen will be released, this will also happen when NA is added to Phenol and a carboxylic acid. I will collect any gas released and use the ‘pop test’ to test for hydrogen. I will be wearing safety goggles because the acid and phenol are very corrosive. If there is a ‘pop’ I known that it could be one of, an alcohol, phenol or carboxylic acid. I can now split the route into two and from what I discover from the first experiment I can take either one of the routes. If there isn’t a ‘pop’ then I will take the other route, It could be aldehydes, esters or ketones, I know this because these functional groups do not react with Na. To find out if the either of these groups are the unknown, I will use Fehling’s reagent or Tollens reagent experiment. I chose to use the Fehling’s reagent. This reagent determine whether the compound contains the aldehyde. The Fehling’s reagent contains copper ions, when added to an aldehyde it is oxidised to a salt of a carboxylic acid and the Fehling’s reagent is reduced. The solution will stay blue if no reaction takes place, but if the slution turn brick red then a reaction has took place and the unknown will identified as an aldehyde PLAN To find out if the unknown is either one of these the second experiment I will do is to do either the Fehling’s or the Tollens reagent experiment. I have chosen to do the Fehling’s experiment. This experiment is used to discover an aldehyde as Fehling’s solution contains Cu ions. When this is added to aldehyde the aldehyde is oxidised to a salt of a carboxylic acid and the Fehling’s solution is reduced. If there is no reaction and the solution stays blue I will know that the unknown organic compound is not an aldehyde but if the colour changes to brick red there is a reaction and an aldehyde can be identified. The reaction equation is displayed below of an aldehyde reacting with Fehling’s solution. 2Cu (aq) + RCHO(aq) + OH (aq) + H O(l) Cu O + RCOOH(aq) + 3H (aq) I would wear safety goggles during this experiment and handle the solutions with great care. When doing this experiment when adding solutions I should stay clear of the reaction area, as I do not know how the reaction will occur and if it is vigorous. Now that I am left with to other functional groups to identify from I can carry out one more experiment to identify the organic compound. At this stage I would have discovered that it does not react with Na so is not an alcohol, phenol or carboxylic acid. It also does not react with Fehling’s solution so is not an aldehyde so it has to be either a ketone or an ester. The experiment that I have chosen to see the difference between the two would be the reaction with 2,4 DNPH. I would get the unknown compound and place a bit of it into a test tube, I will then add drop by drop the 2,4 DNPH if I see a change in the solution from clear to a yellow precipitate with yellow crystals I will be able to identify the compound as a ketone if not it will be an ester. Now that I have the experiments I will do to indicate if the unknown compound was one of the three that did not produce hydrogen when reacted with Na. I will now describe the experiments I will need to carry out to discover if the unknown compound has either the functional group of an alcohol, phenol or a carboxylic acid that would release Hydrogen when reacted with Na. A further experiment I need to carry out to identify if the compound is an alcohol or is it not. To do this I will do a simple experiment by adding a few drops of universal indicator to a test tube with the unknown organic compound. This will identify to me if there is an alcohol functional group present. If this functional group is present then the solution would go blue/green therefore it would be near neutral although it will turn pink/red if a functional group of either carboxylic acid or phenol is present as they are acidic. After this experiment I will have two functional groups that I would not have identified as I have identified the alcohol. If I had carried out the first experiments I would know that hydrogen is released by this compound when reacted with Na therefore it would be an alcohol, phenol or a carboxylic acid. From the second experiment in this category I would either discover by adding universal indicator if the unknown is an alcohol or if it is both carboxylic acid and phenol. I can now do another experiment adding sodium carbonate to the compound and discover if there is a reaction. I would have a test tube with the unknown compound and I will add the sodium carbonate. I know that if a carboxylic acid is present then carbon dioxide gas will be released. I will have a measuring cylinder or larger test tube turned upside down in a water bath where a plastic tube will allow the gas produced to be collected in the measuring cylinder or test tube. This plastic tube will be connected to the reaction test tube via a rubber bung. The gas collected could then be tested to see if carbon dioxide is released. To do this I will add limewater to the test tube and if the solution forms a milky precipitate then carbon dioxide gas is present. I will then know that the compound is a carboxylic acid. If the precipitate does not go milky then I have identified the unknown organic compound as a phenol. I have discovered that I can do two further experiments on the alcohol. I could reflux the alcohol that I have discovered to discover if this is a tertiary alcohol or one of the primary or secondary alcohols. I will use reflux equipment such as the pear shaped flask and a condenser. I will add it up right and will heat the unknown compound containing anti bumping granules to make it less vigorous. I will use a Bunsen burner to heat the solution in the pear shaped flask. I will then release drop-by-drop potassium dichromate to the pear shaped flask. If there is no change in the colour of the solution and it stays orange then it is a tertiary alcohol. If there is a reaction and the colour of the solution goes blue/green a primary or secondary alcohol is present. To discover if the alcohol is a primary or secondary I could add 2,4 DNPH to the alcohol discovered and if it goes orange/yellow it is a secondary alcohol and if there is no precipitate it is a primary alcohol. In all experiments I will need to take great precautions as many of the solutions are corrosive or flammable. As I will not know the functional groups present in the unknown organic compound I will not know if it is flammable or corrosive therefore I have to handle it with care and try to minimise any spillages. I will wear gloves and wear goggles to protect my hands and eyes. I will not have anything close to the table that may be obstructive and may catch fire. I have described all apparatus that I will use in the description of the experiment therefore have not listed them. In all of the experiments I will add the same amount of unknown compound to the reactant. I will therefore add 2cm of unknown organic compound to 2cm to its reactant. I will however not do these when adding universal indicator, as a few drops will be efficient. Any further reaction equations that may be helpful are written on the sheet with the flow diagram. I have used the chemistry 2 textbooks written by Brian Ratcliff and Helen Eccles. I have also used the Heinemann Advanced Science chemistry textbook written by Ann & Patrick Fullick.

The Political Landscape Of France - 1367 Words

The political landscape in France had been shifting for a long time before the Enlightenment. The economic and military gains made by Louis XIV, the Sun King, ultimately crippled the country later when the Estates General failed to overthrow the French government democratically and peacefully. Two great thinkers, Baron de Montesquieu and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, both paved the way for the French and other Enlightenment revolutions during the 18th and 19th centuries. Although neither of the men saw the manifestations of their ideas in the American or French Revolutions, their influence is unquestionable to these movements. Without the political and economic atmosphere in France and Europe during the 18th and 19th century, the ideas and beliefs of thinkers like Montesquieu and Rousseau would not have affected the Enlightenment or other vital political movements during that era. Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de la Brede et de Montesquieu was born the 18th of January 1689. In this same year, England would undergo the Glorious Revolution, which further removed power from the monarchy and into Parliament. Ironically, one of Montesquieu s most well-known ideas followed the same vein of thought as the Glorious Revolution. His life began in Southwest France where Montesquieu grew up with his aristocratic family. As part of his education, Montesquieu studied law at the Catholic College of Juilly. During this period, some stark changes occurred in France. In 1715, King Louis XIVShow MoreRelatedThe History of the Canadian Political Landscape1788 Words   |  7 PagesThe Canadian political landscape has a rich and complex history spanning from ‘sea to sea’, just as the nation itself. Chronicles of dominance, leadership, and association by the United Kingdom, France, and the United States has ultimately shaped the Canadian national consciousness, resu lting in the political ideologies and governance we see today. 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